Federal regulations that promulgate a single set of air emissions reduction targets instead of multiple targets for every emissions source within a plant
The difference between a utility's electric generating capacity (usually expressed in MW) and anticipated peak load; Operating Reserve is a subset of Planning Reserve
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Glazer, Craig. Planning in the 21st Century: The Black Sheep or the Crown Jewel of the Electric Industry. Presentation to the Harvard Electricity Policy Group, May 28-29, 2009, Cambridge, MA. 14 pages.
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