Uplift The additional expense from operating more expensive generating units to meet local demand; also called congestion costs
Vertically Integrated Utility A utility that owns and controls generation, transmission and distribution components
VAR (Volt-Amperes Reactive) The unit of measure of the power that maintains the constant variation of the electro-magnetic fields associated with alternating-current circuits
Volumetric Wires Charge A fee for using the transmission or distribution system that is based on the volume of electricity that is transmitted
Wholesale Wheeling Buying transmission services from a utility to transport (wheel) electricity to another utility, non-utility generator or a wholesale customer
Wires Charge Charging electric suppliers or their customers for the use of transmission or distribution wires
Bushnell, James, Michaela Flagg, and Erin Mansur. “Capacity Markets at a Crossroads. Energy Institute at Haas, April 2017.” 2017.Abstract wp278updated.pdfBushnell, James; Flagg, Michaela; Mansur, Erin. Working paper: Capacity Markets at a Crossroads. Energy Institute at Haas, April 2017.