Arnold, Robert. ISO Governance and Structure: A Continuing Exploration Draft. The Harvard Electricity Policy Group, 10th Plenary Session. 13 June 1996.
A for-profit or non-profit entity established under FERC Order 888 and independent of market participants, that maintains generation-load balance through real-time monitoring and controlling of the transmission system and some generating units
A component of a transmission system (or several systems) that becomes separated from its interconnection because of the disconnection or failure of elements within the system