Transmission Loading Relief (TLR) When a transmission operator must curtail transmission to prevent the grid from collapse
Transmission Reliability Margin The transmission transfer capability that is required to ensure that interconnections are secure under a reasonable range of system conditions
Unbundling Separating (spinning off) the generation, transmission, distribution and customer service functions of an electric utility; separating a customer's bill into its individual components
Universal Service Electric service sufficient for basic needs that is available to all members of the population regardless of income
Uplift The additional expense from operating more expensive generating units to meet local demand; also called congestion costs
Vertically Integrated Utility A utility that owns and controls generation, transmission and distribution components
VAR (Volt-Amperes Reactive) The unit of measure of the power that maintains the constant variation of the electro-magnetic fields associated with alternating-current circuits
Volumetric Wires Charge A fee for using the transmission or distribution system that is based on the volume of electricity that is transmitted
